ADVERB

Kata yang berfungsi menjelaskan Adjective, Verb, Adverb, dan Sentence.

Kinds of Adverb

A. Based on its meaning (Berdasarkan Maknanya).

1. Adverb of Manner.

    Def. : Adverb yang menyatakan cara.

    Kinds of Adverb of Manner 
 
    a. Dengan pola     Adj. + 'Ly'
        e.g. :
            Slow + 'Ly' = Slowly
            Beautiful + 'Ly' = Beautifully.
            Careful + 'Ly' = Carefully

    b. Dengan pola     Adj. dan Adv. sama bentuknya.
        e.g. :
            Fast → Fast
            Hard → Hard
            Late → Late
            (Adj.) = (Adv.)

    c. Dengan pola     Adj. dan Adv. berbeda
        e.g. :
            Good → Well
            (Adj.) ≠ (Adv.)

    E.g. :
            1. She is (beautiful/beautifully) girl.
            2. She has (beautiful/beautifully) dolls
            3. She played (good/well)
            4. He digs a (good/well)
            5. They run (fast/fastly).

2. Adverb of Place and direction.

    Def. : Adverb yang menyatakan tempat dan arah.
 
    Kinds of Adverb of Place and direction 

    a. Terdiri dari 1 kata.
        e.g. :  here, there, overthere, in, ...etc.

            Please, come in!

    b. Terdiri lebih dari 1 kata.
        e.g. :
            Dengan pola : Prep. + Object of Prep. 
                                      ↓       
                                    in, on, at, under, above, because of, ...etc.

            Abdul Walks on the water.

3. Adverb of Time.

    Def. : Adverb yang menyatakan waktu.
 
    Kinds of Adverb of Time
 
    a. Definite Time
        e.g. :
            yesterday, tomorrow, now, right now, today, ...etc.

            yesterday, she came.
            She came yesterday.

    b. Indefinite Time
        e.g. :
            soon, already, just, always, seldom, sometimes, often, ...etc.

            - Qisty always goes to Bukittinggi.
            - She has already done.
            - He will be a (success, successful, successfully)

4. Intensifying Adverb.

    Def. : Adverb yang menegaskan suatu hal/ adverb penegas.

    Kinds of  Intensifying Adverb

    a. Adverb of Degree
        e.g. :
            very, so, too, rather, ...etc.

    b. Distinguishing Adverb.
        Member : not, even, exactly, just.
            Menjelaskan : Adj., Adv., Verb, Sentence, Noun, Pronoun, Prep., Conj.

    E.g. :
                - Laila is very/so/too fat.
                - Sandra sing a very (melodious/melodiously) song.
                - Not because of Amir, I come here.
                - He just want to help me.
                - Even Rezha loves me.

B. Based on its Function (Berdasarkan Fungsi).

1. Sentence Adverb.

    "Adverb yang menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat.

    Member : 

    1. Probably = Mungkin

    2. Maybe = Mungkin.

    3. Fotunately = Untungnya

    4. Unfortunately = Sayangnya, Sialnya.

    5. Actually = Sebenarnya.

    e.g. :
                Last nigh, Jenny's house was burnt. Fortunately, she is still alive.
                Actually, I still love her.

2. Explanatory Adverb.

    "Adverb yang menjelaskan sesuatu yang berupa contoh/rincian."

    Member :

    1. Example

    2. Namely

    3. Such as

    4. Exampligatria

    

    e.g. :
                Ada banyak cewek cantik disni, seperti :
                There are many beautiful girls here, namely :

3. Exclamatory Adverb.

    "Adverb yang menyatakan luapan emosi/perasaan (berasal dari exclamatory phrase).

    Member : How
    Pola :
                    What + Noun Phrase + Subject + Verb !
                    How + Adj./Adv. + Subject + Verb !

    e.g. :
                Laela runs fast. How fast Laela runs!

4. Interrogative Adverb.

    "Adverb yang digunakan sebagai kata tanya untuk menanyakan Adverb."
 
    Member : When, Where, Why, How.
    E.g. :
                Lily Loved Mr. Amir Last year.
                When did Lilym love Mr. Amir?

5. Relative Adverb.

    "Adverb yang difungsikan sebagai conjuction dalam rangkaian Adjective clause."
 
    Members :
    1. When
    2. Where
    3. Which
    4. That

    E.g. :
            The house where you live is big.

            I understand the reason why you are late.

6. Conjuction Adverb.

    "Adverb yang sekaligus difungsikan sebagai conjuction."

    Members : Moreover, Likewise, ...etc.
 
    Pola :
                S + V ; Conjuctive Adverb, S + V
                S + V. Conjuctive Adverb, S + V

    E.g. :
                Dia itu sakit sehingga dia tidak masuk.
             
                She is sick, so she is absent.
                She is sick; hence, she is absent.
               She is sick. hence, she is absent.

Source :
1. Understanding & Using English Grammar
2. Modern English